YOUNG ADULTS
[Main List]
Fact Sheets
What are Adolescents' HIV Prevention Needs?
Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University Of California, San Francisco (CAPS, UCSF), revised 4/99
http://www.caps.ucsf.edu/pubs/FS/adolrev.php
What Are The HIV Prevention Needs Of Young Men Who Have Sex With Men?
Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University Of California, San Francisco (CAPS, UCSF), revised 4/01
http://www.caps.ucsf.edu/pubs/FS/revYMSM.php
Reports
Cohen CJ, Bell A, Ifatuniji M.
Reclaiming our Future: The State of AIDS among Black Youth in America
A report from the Black AIDS Institute. Sep. 2005 http://blackaids.org/ShowArticle.aspx?pagename=ShowArticle&articletype=RESOURCE&articleid=139&pagenumber=1
Articles and Presentations
Club Drug Use in Los Angeles Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men
Subst Use Misuse. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2008 May 30.
PMCID: PMC2405898
Published in final edited form as: Subst Use Misuse. 2007; 42(11): 1723–1743. doi: 10.1080/10826080701212261.
Manuscript: | Abstract | Full Text | PDF–337K | http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2405898
Michele D. Kipke, George Weiss, Marizen Ramirez, Fred Dorey, Anamara Ritt-Olson, Ellen Iverson, and Wesley Ford
Little is known about young men who have sex with men's use of club drugs and the risk factors associated with such use. A structured survey was administered in 2005 to 496 young men who were 18-22 years old (40% were 18-19 years old); self-identified as with a same-sex sexuality (83%), bisexual (16%), and/or had had sex with a man (97%); Caucasian (35%), African American (24%), and Latino of Mexican descent (40%). Subjects were recruited from gay-identified venues in Los Angeles, California using a venue-based probability sampling design. Descriptive statistics revealed a high prevalence of drug and club drug use. Regression analyses revealed risk factors associated with recent club drug use, including place of residence, religiosity, disclosure of sexuality to family, frequency of attendance at bars/clubs, and involvement in sexual exchange and the street economy. Limitations and implications of this research are discussed.
Test-retest reliability of self-reported HIV/STD-related measures among African-American adolescents in four U.S. cities.
Vanable PA, Carey MP, Brown JL, DiClemente RJ, Salazar LF, Brown LK, Romer D, Valois RF, Hennessy M, Stanton BF.
Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA. pvanable@syr.edu
J Adolesc Health. 2009 Mar;44(3):214-21. Epub 2008 Nov 20
http://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(08)00410-2/abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the test-retest reliability of self-reported sexuality-related data in a sample of African American adolescents residing in four U.S. cities. METHODS: Using audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI), 156 African American teens (mean age = 15.5 years) provided data on lifetime and recent sexual behavior, HIV/sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing, and theoretical antecedents of sexual risk behavior on two occasions separated by 2 weeks. RESULTS: Most self-reports of lifetime sexual behavior and STD/HIV testing were stable across the two assessment points. Test-retest agreement was substantial for dichotomous indices of lifetime sexual behaviors and STD testing (kappas ranging from .61-.87), and for 3-month recall of vaginal sex (kappa = .72) and number of sexual partners (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = .68). Lower reliability estimates emerged for count data of unprotected vaginal sex occasions (ICC = .44). Test-retest reliability estimates for antecedents of sexual risk behavior were highest for a validated measure of HIV-related knowledge (r = .73), but somewhat lower for peer norms (r = .58) and condom use self-efficacy (r = .50). CONCLUSIONS: Although variability in the stability of self-report data was observed, findings confirm that most sexual behavior, STD and HIV testing history, and psychosocial measures can be assessed reliably among adolescents. Research should continue to identify strategies to enhance the reliability of self-report sexual behavior data from youth at risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
PMID: 19237106 [PubMed - in process]
The Mpowerment Project: Young Black Men who have Sex with Men Creating New “Chosen” Families
(PowerPoint for the University of California San Francisco.)
By Susan M. Kegeles, PhD, Emily A. Arnold, PhD, Michael L. Foster, Ed.D. M.P.H, Jonathan Davis
http://www.caps.ucsf.edu/pubs/presentations/ppt/FamilyMPDetroit.ppt
Associations of Race/Ethnicity With HIV Prevalance and HIV-Related Behaviors Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in 7 Urban Centers in the United States
Nina T. Harawa, MPH, PhD, Sander Greenland, PhD, Trista A. Bingham, MS, MPH, Denise F. Johnson, MPH, PsyD, Susan D. Cochran, PhD, MPH, William E. Cunningham, MD, MPH, David D. Celentano, MHS, ScD, Beryl A. Koblin, PhD, Marlene LaLota, MPH, Duncan A. MacKellar, MA, MPH, William McFarland, MD, PhD, Douglas Shehan, Sue Stoyanoff, MPH, Hanne Thiede, DVM, MPH, Lucia Torian, and Lucia A. Valleroy, PhD
Using data from a multisite venue-based survey of male subjects aged 15 to 22 years, we examined racial/ethnic differences in demographics, partner type, partner type-specific condom use, drug use, and HIV prevalence in 3316 US black, multiethnic black, Latino, and white men who have sex with men (MSM). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr • Volume 35, Number 5, April 15 2004
black and white MSM across studies. AIDS. 2007 Oct 1;21(15):2083-91.
Finding the “Community” in Community-level HIV/AIDS Interventions: Formative Research With Young African American Men Who Have Sex With Men
By Kraft JM, Beeker C, Stokes JP, et al
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10929751&dopt=Abstract
Data from 76 qualitative interviews with 18- to 29-year-old African American men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chicago and Atlanta were examined to identify perceptions of “community” and components of a community-level HIV/AIDS intervention. Many men reported feeling marginal to African American and gay White communities because of perceived homophobia and racism. Health Educ Behav 2000 Aug;27(4):430-41
Internet Chat Rooms: Connecting With a New Generation of Young Men of Color at Risk for HIV Infection Who Have Sex With Other Men
By Fields SD, Wharton MJ, Marrero AI, et al
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlu...
The purpose of this study was to explore the use of gay-related Internet chat rooms by young men who have sex with other men of color (YMSMC) in a specific catchment area. Participants were 104 YMSMC age 18 to 24 (M = 21.56) who were encountered in two gay-related Internet chat rooms during April 2005. Participants were mainly African American (53.7%, n = 56), HIV-negative (57.6%, n = 60), and online looking for some type of sexual encounter (80.7%, n = 84). J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2006 Nov-Dec;17(6):53-60.
Unrecognized HIV Infection, Risk Behaviors, and Perceptions of Risk Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex with men – Six US Cities, 1994-1998
http://www.oneloveca.org/_files/_files/5243_Bingham-et-al-Unrecognized-BMSM-risk-2002.pdf
The incidence of HIV infection among young black men who have sex with men (BMSM) is among the highest of all risk groups in the U.S. Two important strategies to reduce hIV transmission among BMSM are to increase the proportion of men who are aware of their HIV infection and to increase the consistent use of condoms among sexually active men. JAMA. Sept. 18, 2002 Vol 288. No. 11 pages 1344-1348
Research in Progress
A Community Level HIV Prevention Intervention for Young Black MSM
http://www.caps.ucsf.edu/research/portfolio/2008/Kegeles-BlackMpower.pdf
Susan Kegeles, John Peterson, Greg Rebchook, David Huebner, Starley Shade, Michael Foster, and Robert Williams, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, UCSF
This project will test the efficacy of a community-level intervention (an adaptation of the Mpowerment Project) in reducing sexual risk behavior and increasing testing among young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). We will implement the Black Mpowerment Project for two years in Dallas, TX. Houston, TX will be the comparison community. We will conduct cross-sectional surveys of samples of YBMSM before and after the intervention in both communities to determine the efficacy of the intervention in: (a) reducing the proportion and frequency of sexual behaviors that are likely to transmit HIV, including reducing the number of sex partners; (b) increasing the proportion of men who know their current HIV serostatus; (c) modifying psychosocial mediating variables that may be causally related to HIV risk reduction; and (d) changing psychosocial factors that are indicators of positive mental health and well-being. Additionally, we will conduct process evaluations of the intervention to assess how the Black Mpowerment Project is implemented and to assess the perceptions of the project at both the individual- and community-level. We will also look for changes in sexually transmitted infection rates in both communities.
Project End Date: August 2010
Faith-Based HIV Prevention for Young African American MSM
http://www.caps.ucsf.edu/research/portfolio/2007/Prev4.pdf
Susan Kegeles, Minister Vera Owens, Greg Rebchook, Michael Foster, Emily Arnold, Richard Hamilton, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, UCSF
The Unity Fellowship Church Movement (UFCM) and CAPS are collaborating to develop an innovative HIV prevention approach, positioned within a faith-based organization. It will mobilize young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) ages 18-29 to reach into the Black community to encourage their peers to have safer sex, obtain HIV testing when needed and, for their HIV+ peers, to access appropriate medical treatment and social support. This project will assess the capacity, interest and attitudes of certain Black churches towards HIV prevention by conducting semi-structured telephone interviews with representatives of select Black churches in California. Additionally, we will conduct six focus groups with YBMSM on church-based interventions, that examine attitudes towards HIV prevention programs, experiences with HIV testing, and treatment and support for positive people, in church-based interventions. Finally, UFCM and CAPS will collaborate to develop the foundations for an HIV prevention intervention for Black faith-based organizations.
Participants report concern about accessing testing and treatment because of fears of gossip and stigma. Participants recommended HIV-related services, support groups, and mass media campaigns targeting young African American men.
The Ballroom Community Project: Social Networks and Social Support for Young African American MSM
http://www.caps.ucsf.edu/research/portfolio/2007/Risk8.pdf
Project Staff: Emily Arnold (PI), TBN Research Assistant
Project Description: This research investigates the relationship between social networks, social support and HIV-related risk behavior among young African American MSM (YAAMSM) who participate in the Ballroom community. The Ballroom community consists of houses, figurative and sometimes literal homes for queer youth of color, and the elaborate balls they host and compete in. The Ballroom community exists in urban centers across the US, and provides African American queer youth with support for same-sex desire and identity, along with multiple forms of support for HIV prevention. For many young people, houses within the Ballroom community constitute a form of family due to the social marginalization they experience in day-to-day life.
Despite the long history of this community and its prominence in the lives of queer youth of color, little to no scholarly research has been done to assess the impact of Ballroom community involvement on the lives of its participants. This research looks at the forms of social support that young men receive through their involvement in the community, particularly with regard to HIV-related risk behavior. The study will be carried out in three phases:
1. An ethnographic phase to determine the forms social networks and social support take with YAAMSM in the Ballroom community,
2. A phase to develop and adapt appropriate scales of social networks and social support for a YAAMSM population, and
3. A cross sectional survey of social networks within YAAMSM Ballroom communities to determine the influence of social networks and social support on HIV-related risk behavior.
The data accumulated during this study will be used as the basis for developing an intervention tailored specifically to the Ballroom community. Approximately 300 YAAMSM will be recruited into the study, which will take place in the San Francisco Bay Area.
CEOs: Training youth as community researchers to study social networks and HIV risk behaviors among YMSM of Color
M Munoz-Laboy, M De la Cruz and A Holman, B Casenave Presented at the APHA 134th Annual Meeting and Exposition Nov. 4-8, 2006 in Boston, MA
http://apha.confex.com/apha/134am/techprogram/paper_141802.htm
Approximately 56% of AIDS cases among Bronx males 13–24 years of age are due to unprotected sex (53% MSM and 3% heterosexual). The exploding epidemic among YMSM of color and low level of access to MSM-friendly, culturally competent prevention services and primary care within Bronx communities, demands the development of new strategies to address HIV/AIDS in this population.
Do Differences in Relationship and Partner Attributes Explain Disparities in Sexually Transmitted Disease Among Young White and Black Women?
N. Harawa, S. Greenland, S. Cochran, W. Cunningham and B. Visscher
http://patient-research.elsevier.com/patientresearch/displayAbs?key=S1054139X02004585&referrer...
Using data from 1695 respondents aged 15 to 24 years to the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth, we examined black/white differences in marital history and sex with older, casual, and nonmonogamous partners, as well as the associations of these differences with self-reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD) history. Although characteristics of sexual partners and relationships often differed by race, this did not explain racial disparities in STDs. Journal of Adolescent Health, Volume 32, Issue 3, Pages 187-191